Garbage Collection

 Garbage collection (GC) is a form of automatic memory management found in many programming languages, such as Java, C#, Python, and Go. The garbage collector attempts to reclaim memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use by the program, which helps prevent memory leaks and other memory management errors that could lead to inefficient use of resources or application crashes.

In a language with garbage collection, the programmer does not need to explicitly free objects or memory blocks; instead, the garbage collector periodically scans the program's memory to identify objects that are no longer reachable through any references from the running program. Once an object is identified as "garbage," the memory it occupies can be freed and returned to the pool of available memory, making it available for other objects.

Garbage collection is designed to simplify memory management tasks for developers, reducing the risk of common errors such as double freeing, memory leaks, and dangling pointers. However, it can introduce overhead due to the resources needed to run the garbage collection process, potentially affecting the performance of the application. Different languages and runtime environments implement various garbage collection strategies, balancing the trade-offs between performance, memory usage, and programming simplicity.

Native Concurrency

Native Concurrency 

Native concurrency refers to the built-in capability of a programming language or its runtime environment to manage the execution of multiple threads or processes concurrently, leveraging the underlying hardware's parallel processing capabilities. This means the language or system offers direct support for concurrent programming constructs, allowing developers to write programs that can perform multiple tasks at the same time in a more efficient and safer manner. Native concurrency is particularly important for developing applications that require high performance and responsiveness, such as web servers, real-time data processing systems, and user interfaces.

Native concurrency mechanisms might include features like threads, coroutines, asynchronous functions, and parallel data structures. These features enable the program to handle tasks such as IO operations, compute-heavy processes, and user interactions in parallel, making better use of the CPU cores and improving the application's overall throughput and responsiveness.